Cash vs cards
Cash vs cards: Card cash withdrawals per 100 card payments, H2 2025 (provisional) — Card cash withdrawals per 100 card payments: Bulgaria leads at 17.6 per 100 card payments. ECB figures, country ranks, withheld reasons and source series.
Source: European Central Bank, payment statistics (half-yearly). Scrolld derives the shares and rates shown as derived; every figure links to its ECB series.
Card cash withdrawals per 100 card payments
ECB:PCP:H.{area}.W0.W0.CW1.1._T._T.PCS_ALL._Z._X._Z.N.PN ÷ ECB:PCP:H.{area}.W0.W0.CP0.1._T._T.PCS_ALL._Z._X._Z.N.PN × 100 (ECB figures; calculated by the mart).
| Area | Value and caveat | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria | 17.6 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 1 of 25 |
| Portugal | 11.2 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 2 of 25 |
| Croatia | 10.5 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 3 of 25 |
| Slovenia | 9.4 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 4 of 25 |
| Germany | 9.3 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 5 of 25 |
| Austria | 9.2 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 6 of 25 |
| Italy | 7.9 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 7 of 25 |
| Romania | 7.4 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 8 of 25 |
| Estonia | 6.4 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 9 of 25 |
| Malta | 5.5 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 10 of 25 |
| Slovakia | 5.4 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 11 of 25 |
| Cyprus | 5.1 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 12 of 25 |
| Spain | 4.9 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 13 of 25 |
| Greece | 4.8 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 14 of 25 |
| France | 4.4 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 15 of 25 |
| Latvia | 4.3 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 16 of 25 |
| Czechia | 4.1 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 17 of 25 |
| Hungary | 3.8 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 18 of 25 |
| Poland | 3.5 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 19 of 25 |
| Belgium | 3.2 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 20 of 25 |
| Ireland | 2.8 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 21 of 25 |
| Luxembourg | 2.6 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 22 of 25 |
| Netherlands | 2.4 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 23 of 25 |
| Lithuania | 2.2 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 24 of 25 |
| Finland | 1.9 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 25 of 25 |
| Euro area | 5.6 per 100 card payments Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | ECB aggregate — unranked |
| European Union | Not published by the ECB for this country/period Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | ECB aggregate — unranked |
Cash withdrawals with cards
ECB published series: ECB:PCP:H.{area}.W0.W0.CW1.1._T._T.PCS_ALL._Z._X._Z.N.PN
| Area | Value and caveat | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 693.1 million transactions ECB series 1 | 1 of 25 |
| France | 506.4 million transactions ECB series 1 | 2 of 25 |
| Italy | 404.1 million transactions ECB series 1 | 3 of 25 |
| Spain | 334.5 million transactions ECB series 1 | 4 of 25 |
| Poland | 194.2 million transactions ECB series 1 | 5 of 25 |
| Portugal | 176.6 million transactions ECB series 1 | 6 of 25 |
| Romania | 130.3 million transactions ECB series 1 | 7 of 25 |
| Austria | 100.0 million transactions ECB series 1 | 8 of 25 |
| Netherlands | 85.0 million transactions ECB series 1 | 9 of 25 |
| Belgium | 72.3 million transactions ECB series 1 | 10 of 25 |
| Czechia | 72.2 million transactions ECB series 1 | 11 of 25 |
| Bulgaria | 62.5 million transactions ECB series 1 | 12 of 25 |
| Greece | 61.9 million transactions ECB series 1 | 13 of 25 |
| Ireland | 48.0 million transactions ECB series 1 | 14 of 25 |
| Croatia | 45.2 million transactions ECB series 1 | 15 of 25 |
| Hungary | 41.2 million transactions ECB series 1 | 16 of 25 |
| Lithuania | 40.9 million transactions ECB series 1 | 17 of 25 |
| Slovakia | 34.3 million transactions ECB series 1 | 18 of 25 |
| Finland | 26.2 million transactions ECB series 1 | 19 of 25 |
| Slovenia | 21.6 million transactions ECB series 1 | 20 of 25 |
| Estonia | 17.3 million transactions ECB series 1 | 21 of 25 |
| Latvia | 12.4 million transactions ECB series 1 | 22 of 25 |
| Luxembourg | 7.7 million transactions ECB series 1 | 23 of 25 |
| Cyprus | 6.8 million transactions ECB series 1 | 24 of 25 |
| Malta | 4.2 million transactions ECB series 1 | 25 of 25 |
| Euro area | 2,698.4 million transactions ECB series 1 | ECB aggregate — unranked |
Card payments per inhabitant (ECB)
ECB published series: ECB:PCP:H.{area}.W0.W0.CP0.1._T._T.PCS_ALL._Z._X._Z.N.PN_R_POP
| Area | Value and caveat | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | 629.6 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 1 of 25 |
| Luxembourg | 434.7 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 2 of 25 |
| Ireland | 315.0 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 3 of 25 |
| Finland | 238.0 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 4 of 25 |
| Estonia | 196.9 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 5 of 25 |
| Netherlands | 192.9 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 6 of 25 |
| Belgium | 188.8 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 7 of 25 |
| France | 165.5 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 8 of 25 |
| Czechia | 160.0 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 9 of 25 |
| Latvia | 158.3 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 10 of 25 |
| Poland | 147.8 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 11 of 25 |
| Portugal | 145.4 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 12 of 25 |
| Spain | 138.0 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 13 of 25 |
| Cyprus | 132.0 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 14 of 25 |
| Malta | 128.8 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 15 of 25 |
| Greece | 122.0 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 16 of 25 |
| Austria | 117.7 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 17 of 25 |
| Slovakia | 117.1 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 18 of 25 |
| Hungary | 115.3 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 19 of 25 |
| Croatia | 110.4 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 20 of 25 |
| Slovenia | 107.5 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 21 of 25 |
| Romania | 92.5 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 22 of 25 |
| Germany | 89.7 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 23 of 25 |
| Italy | 86.5 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 24 of 25 |
| Bulgaria | 55.4 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | 25 of 25 |
| Euro area | 135.6 transactions per inhabitant Counted on the card issuer side: payments with cards issued by payment service providers in the country, wherever the card is used. Countries that license EU-wide card issuers (for example Lithuania and Luxembourg) therefore show far more card payments than their population makes. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 | ECB aggregate — unranked |
Average card payment
ECB:PCP:H.{area}.W0.W0.CP0.1._T._T.PCS_ALL._Z._X._Z.N.EUR ÷ ECB:PCP:H.{area}.W0.W0.CP0.1._T._T.PCS_ALL._Z._X._Z.N.PN × 1 (ECB figures; calculated by the mart).
| Area | Value and caveat | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Malta | 70.75 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 1 of 25 |
| Cyprus | 65.93 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 2 of 25 |
| Ireland | 57.82 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 3 of 25 |
| Portugal | 54.70 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 4 of 25 |
| Luxembourg | 46.41 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 5 of 25 |
| Italy | 43.26 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 6 of 25 |
| Austria | 42.67 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 7 of 25 |
| Belgium | 41.60 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 8 of 25 |
| Germany | 41.35 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 9 of 25 |
| France | 39.92 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 10 of 25 |
| Bulgaria | 37.92 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 11 of 25 |
| Slovenia | 33.01 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 12 of 25 |
| Croatia | 32.95 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 13 of 25 |
| Spain | 32.12 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 14 of 25 |
| Netherlands | 30.50 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 15 of 25 |
| Finland | 29.77 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 16 of 25 |
| Greece | 28.98 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 17 of 25 |
| Hungary | 28.57 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 18 of 25 |
| Lithuania | 27.62 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 19 of 25 |
| Slovakia | 27.30 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 20 of 25 |
| Romania | 26.23 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 21 of 25 |
| Czechia | 24.59 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 22 of 25 |
| Estonia | 23.77 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 23 of 25 |
| Latvia | 20.20 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 24 of 25 |
| Poland | 18.90 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | 25 of 25 |
| Euro area | 38.61 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | ECB aggregate — unranked |
| European Union | 35.76 EUR per transaction Derived by Scrolld from ECB inputs. Issuer-side card payments; countries licensing EU-wide issuers, including Lithuania and Luxembourg, can show unusually large figures. ECB series 1 · ECB series 2 | ECB aggregate — unranked |